Next, which capacitors are you talking about? (Use the schematic reference numbers, for example C6 and C15). The only variable caps that are dedicated to a specific band like BC or SW are compression-style trimmer caps used for dial tracking adjustments- do you mean those, or the 2-section main tuning cap?
Reading between the lines, I suspect that you are connecting to the antenna/osc plates of the main tuning cap (C6/C15) to get reception. You probably have a bad RF amp tube, an open antenna coil, or a dirty bandswitch contact... can probably be more helpful if you can better identify the parts.
Most typically when there is a fault in the front end it is caused by an open coil. This is due to a couple of different reasons, but the most common one was having a lightning pulse run into the set via an outside antenna. Coils can also fail due to corrosion. However, caps can fail also but this is much less likely since the caps typically used in this section are not the paper-foil tubular type.
And, as I already mentioned, a dirty bandswitch can act exactly like an open coil.
Is the loop antenna installed? This set has the front end tuned to the loop antenna and will not function correctly without it.
The 455kHz business pertains to the pass frequency of the IF filter stages, not the front end. Nothing you can do to the front end will disturb the IF filter settings. The IF stages and local oscillator are at least nominally working since you can receive stations by jerryrigging the front end tuning circuit. That's not to say that the set won't need a complete alignment (IF cans AND the front end) when you get finished with it.
:"a dirty bandswitch can act exactly like an open coil". Reluctantly Im inclined to accept this as the problem. Without the loop antennae installed I get hum, despite the outside antennae connected directly to the variable capacitors. Without the coil and the loop antenna, the direct connection would be useless. All of the black mica capacitors have been replaced. All voltages are within 10% leaning on the weak side, but I'm guessing that will correct itself once the system gets a good alignment. The problem now stands at correcting the switches. S1 and S2. The connections are loose and the connection blades are not making solid contact. Any suggestions on tightening them up without shattering the structure?
Also, did you get a chance to find out about the mystery rainbow capacitor/resistor in IF 1.
Thanks for the advise, it removes a lot of grief.
Most wafer switches are assembled with small brass rivets. If these rivets loosen up and allow the contacts to also loosen and rotate, it may be possible to drill out the rivet with a Dremel tool and replace it with a tiny brass (00-90) nut-bolt-washer set. An alternate approach might be to immobilize the contact with epoxy glue. This may help with a switch that has one or two flaky contacts- more than that, probably a waste of time to try to fix in this way.