So, now we are back to two possibilities: the output coupling capacitor is open (or much worse, shorted!) or the speaker is open. The correct speaker for this set (I think) is RCA 100-A. Using a low-impedance speaker will result in fast destruction of said speaker.
If the output coupling cap in the set is shorted, it will apply B+ directly to the speaker, quickly burning it out.
If you wanted to convert to a low-impedance speaker, you would need to install an output transformer to replace the speaker coupling cap. Its primary would need to be impedance-matched to the characteristics of the output tube used.
The speaker connects to the set via two wires, as shown on the schematic.
If the set has only one speaker wire, that means that one side of the output transformer secondary winding is grounded to the metal chassis, and one of the two voice coil terminals on the speaker is grounded to the steel speaker frame, so that when bolted to its chassis the speaker only needs one wire to complete the circuit.