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Condensers

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Aside from tube failures, the most common receiver troubles are those involving condensers. A tabulation according to function will be helpful. Filter Power supply frequency. Removes the a.c. ripple from the "B"supply. Audio frequency. Removes unwanted audio signal, as from a.v.c. line. Radio frequency. Removes unwanted r.f. carrier, as in demodulator circuit. Tone control. Reduces high-frequency response in order to produce apparent accentuation of bass. High audio frequency. Removes extremely high audio frequencies to reduce distortion. Used in plate circuit of pentode output tube. By-pass    Provides a low-impedance path so that the a.c. may go around or pass by a resistor.    The condenser is intended to present practically zero impedance at the frequency to be by-passed. Therefore the by-passed signal will not set up a voltage drop across the condenser.    Example: Cathode by-pass condenser.    Usually the capacity of a by-pass condenser is a clue to its function. When its position in the circuit is known, its function should not be in doubt. Blocking    Keeps d.c. voltage out, while passing a.c. (within a stage). Coupling    Transfers signal or a.c. energy between stages. Also blocks d.c. Decoupling    Absorbs or by-passes signal. Prevents signal in one stage from affecting preceding stages. Tuning    Establishes circuit resonance at desired frequency.

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